论明清时期土目的生存形态

By Ming and Qing Dynasties Time Tumu's Survival Shape

本文对明清时期反映颇多的土目生存形态进行初步探讨之后认为,家族村社之间械斗、土司武力扫荡和土民不满造成土目天生具有极强防范心理以及叛逆行为的表象,土司夫人与土目的性政治关系、土司之女与另一土司治下土目的政治婚姻、土舍与另一土司治下土目军政联络只是寻求政治归属一种必然反映,此种归属决定土舍集团并非为土司婚姻群体的唯一来源。政治利益驱使土目在对土司极尽讨好之能事的同时对土民采取压服的态度,土司区的封闭、淡漠科举制度致使土目难有仕进之机,所以废立土司、夺土司之印甚至取土司之位而代之就成了土目一生追求的最高价值体现。

This article to the Ming and Qing Dynasties time reflected the quite a lot Tumu survival shape carries on the preliminary discussion to believe afterwards,the family （村社） between weapon fights,Tusi military force sweeping and the earth people not completely creates Tumu inborn to have the greatly strengthened guard psychology as well as the rebel behavior representation,earth Madame Si and the Tumu＇s political relation,female of the Tusi governs the Tamu＇s politics marriage,the earth shed with another Tusi governs the Tumu military administration contact with another Tusi only is seeks politics to belong to one kind inevitably to reflect,this kind of ownership decision earth shed group by no means for Tusi marriage community＇s only origin,The political benefit urges Tumu while to the utmost to flatter strong point to the Tusi to adopt coercive to the earth people the manner,the earth Si Qu seal,the faint imperial civil service examination system causes Tumu to be difficult to have the official advancement opportunity, therefore dethroned and enthroned the Tusi,seizes India of the Tusi even to take position of the Tusi but the generation to become the Tumu life pursue maximum valency value to manifest.