试论清王朝对西北“外藩”民族的羁縻笼络政策

Jimo Bosses around Policy to the "Waifan" nationality in the Northwest in Qing Dynasty

清朝重新统一西北边疆地区后,将归附的少数民族分为“内藩”和“外藩”两部分,对后者,清朝实行了与内地少数民族截然不同的羁縻笼络政策,主要包括强调和保持中亚藩属各部与清朝的藩属关系;不设官置守,不干涉其内部事务;不介入各部之间的纷争;实行贡赐性质的绢马贸易几个方面。在清初,这些政策加强了双方联系,维护了边疆安宁。但在清朝后期,对边疆少数民族的羁縻政策最终给沙皇俄国的侵略以可乘之机,换来了丧失疆土的恶果。

Mter the Qing Dynasty reunion the border area in the Northwest,they divided the submit minority nationalities into “Nei fan” and “Wai fan”,to the latter,the Qing Dynasty implemented entirely different Jimo bossed around policy from the inland minority nationalities,mainly included emphasized and mintained relations between each Fanshu in the central Asia and in the Qing Dynasty; Didn＇t dispatch the officials to set defends,didn＇t interfere its internal affairs;Didn＇t involve dispute between each part;and implemented several respects of silk horse＇s trade that the tribute grants properties.In the beginning of Qing Dynasty,these policies strengthened the bilateral relation,maintained the border area to be peaceful.But in the later,the Jimo policy finally given the czarist government the opportunity to be aggressed,ended in the evil consequence of losing the territory.