酿酒酵母减数分裂的事件和特异性基因(英文)

Meiosis Events and Specific Genes Involved in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

减数分裂是生物体重要的有性生殖方式,它提供来自母本和父本的基因信息,产生具有生物多样性的子代,使其能够适应环境的变化而不断进化。本文简述了现已阐明的酿酒酵母减数分裂的重要事件如同源染色体配对、联会、基因重组、染色体分裂和特异性基因。在同源染色体配对的过程中现已发现了2条途径,一条由Rad51独立完成,另一条有Dmc1、Hop2、Rad51和Mnd1参与,同时Rad51也可能参与。Red1、Hop1和Zip1是联会复合体的组成成分,而联会也要求其他减数分裂的特异性基因如Hop2的参与。基因重组是减数分裂中最重要的事件,它为子代提供了新的遗传信息,是生物多样性的基础之一。Spo11、Rad52组、Dmc1、Mnd1、Msh4、Msh5、Mek1、Red1和Hop1参与了基因重组。Spo11是发现和研究得最早的启动基因重组的基因之一;Rec8、Spo13和Sgo1参与了染色体分裂的过程。

Meiosis is the most important reproduce and favoured by organisms. The key events of meiosis identified are pairing, synapsis, genetic recombination, segregation. In this article, the specific genes of meiosis and pathways are described in these events in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Two pathways have been identified in homolog pairing and Dmcl, Hop2, RadS1 and Mndl have function in pairing. In synapsis Redl, Hopl and Zipl are the components of synaptonemal complex. Hop2 is required for synapsis. Genetic recombination is the most important event of meiosis and provides genetic diversity for organisms to adapt the environment change. The meiosis specific genes involved in gene recombination are Spoll, Rad52 epistasis group, Dmcl, Mndl, Msh4, MshS, Mekl, Redl, and Hopl. RecS, Spol3 and Sgol are involved in segregation.