安徽省农区害鼠发生种类、分布及发生规律初探

Preliminary Study on the Species,Distribution and Dynamics of Rodents in Farm Field in Anhui Province

目的了解安徽省农区害鼠发生种类、分布及发生规律,为科学防治提供依据。方法采用夹夜法对农田和农户害鼠的种类和密度进行监测。结果安徽省农区害鼠以褐家鼠、小家鼠、黑线姬鼠和黄胸鼠为优势种,所占比例分别为40.23%、28.93%、26.43%、4.42%;农田以黑线姬鼠、褐家鼠、小家鼠和黄胸鼠为优势种,所占比例分别为52.25%3、6.20%、8.99%、2.55%;农户以小家鼠、褐家鼠和黄胸鼠为优势种,所占比例分别为48.86%、44.26%、6.28%。农区害鼠种群数量农户明显高于农田,害鼠密度农田(2.38%)和农户(3.26%)均以江淮丘陵地区最低,皖西地区农户害鼠密度最高(8.63%),皖南山区农田害鼠密度最高(3.57%)。全省农区害鼠发生动态表现为2个高峰期,即3-5月的春峰期和10-11月的秋峰期,这也是开展农区灭鼠的关键时期。结论安徽省农区灭鼠应在春季和秋季开展。

Objective For exploring the species, distribution and dynamic of rodents in farm field in Anhui province, and providing the science foundation for rodents control. Methods The specimens and population are inspected by nip capturing method in farm field. Results The predominance species of rodents were Rattus norvegicus, Mus muculas, Apodemus agrarius and Rattus flavipectus in farm field, the ratios are 40.23%, 28.93%, 26.43%, 4.42%, respectively; and Apodemus agrarius, Rattus norvegicus, Mus muculas and Rattus flavipectus in farmland, the ratios are 52.25 %, 36.20 % , 8.99 %, 2.55 %, respectively; and Mus muculas, Rattus norvegicus and Rattus flavipectu at residential area, the ratios are 48.86 %, 44.26 %, 6.28 %, respectively. The population of rodents was higher at residential area（4.75 % ） than in farmland （3.16%）, and was the lowest in farmland （2.38 % ） and at home（3.26 % ） in upland area between Changjiang and Huaihe river, but it was the highest at residential area（8.63 % ） in the west of Anhui and in farmland（3.57 % ） in the mountains area in the south of Anhui. There were two fastigiums that were from March to May in spring and from October to November in fall by the population dynamics of rodents in Anhui province. Conclusion The key times of controlling the rodents are in spring and in fall in farm field.