广东省水稻旱灾的评价及防旱抗旱对策

RICE DROUGHT EVALUATION AND DROUGHT-RELIEF MEASURES IN GUANGDONG PROVINCE

根据广东省水稻旱灾实况，提出了水稻旱情和干旱灾情不同的评价指标，分析了广东省解放后历年早、晚稻旱情和灾情及其分布和变化规律，并针对本省的自然条件和灌溉现状提出了防旱抗旱措施。

Rice drought under non-irrigation conditions is evaluated by using the index of the longest drought period during early and late rice growth in this paper. The results indicate that in Guangdong the early rice drought becomes evident gradually from north to south, the most droughty areas are located in Leizhou Peninsula, the Pearl River estuary areas and the southeast coastregion of Guangdong on the contrary, the late rice drought becomes obvious from south to north, and the most droughty areas are located in northeast and northwest Guangdong and the coast region of Shantou. Rice drought, espeCially serious drought, is characterized by its frequent occurrance in successive years. For evaluation of rice drought disaster condition, or the losses caused by drought, the indexes of rice drought rate (the proportion of drought-impacted rice area to sowing area) and rice 'damage rate (the prportion of drought-damaged rice area to droughtimpacted rice area) are used. The results show that the drought of early rice is more serious than that of late rice. The losses of rice Production caused by drought are going up. Some droughtrelief measures are suggested: 1 )make a long-term plan for irrigation and urban water suppy, and develop regional economy in the light of local conditions; 2) energetically construct water conservancy project, increase the benefit of water conservancy facilities i 3) improve the technique of cultivation and management, and SPread the scientific method of irrigation ; 4) control the soil erosion ; and 5) scientifically make artificial precipitation.