经济发达国家农产品价格支持政策的比较

A Comparison between Price-supporting Policies of Farm Produce in Developed Countries

以美、欧、日为主要代表的经济发达国家的农产品价格支持政策既有共同点又有差异,其中,农产品价格支持依循市场导向、价格补贴资金硬预算约束、设置专门的价格补贴执行主体、以直接收入补贴替代农产品价格支持为调整取向以及以保留对敏感性农产品的价格支持为改革方向是其共同点;差异主要表现为以下几个方面:在价格支持特点方面,美国的市场导向较强,欧盟带有歧视性,日本具有明显的行政管制色彩;在价格支持重点方面,欧美主要把价格补贴用于农业生产和出口领域,日本主要将价格补贴用于农业流通环节;在改革策略方面,美国主动削减价格补贴,欧盟侧重调整价格补贴结构,日本逐步放宽农产品价格管理并引入竞争机制。

There are common characteristics and also differences in the price-supporting policies of farm produce among the main developed countries： the US, the European Union and Japan. The common characteristics are： market-oriented principle, rigid budget constraint of price subsidy, the setup of the special executive subject for the implement of price subsidy, the orientation adjustment by abandoning price-supporting in favor of direct income subsidy, and the reforming direction of retaining the price-supporting policies for sensitive farm produce. The difference includes the following aspects： as for the characteristics of the price-supporting, the US is distinctively market-oriented, the European Union shows somewhat discrimination, and Japan takes on its obvious administrative management color; as for the emphasis of the supporting, the US and the European Union give the price subsidy to agricultural production and export, whereas Japan uses it in agricultural circulation; as for the reform strategy, the US initiatively cuts off the price subsidy, the European Union emphasizes on adjusting the price subsidy structure, and Japan gradually broadens the price management and introduces a competitive mechanism.