制度理念与操作:民主政治建设的一种考量

The Conceptions and Operation of Institutions:A Consideration in the Construction of Democracy

民主政治作为一种制度安排,它的设计理念主要有:以人为本、主权在民、宪法至上、人权至尊、权力制约等。然而,历史发展的实践表明,在现实的复杂的政治生活中,要让一个国家的全体公民都来参与国家的公共事务,这在操作层面上是匪夷所思之事。于是,具有可操作性的代议民主的制度设计就在现实中成了必然选择。在制度理念与操作上,当代中国民主政治建设应将公民素质的提高与具体制度的完善、代议民主制与直接民主制有机结合起来,从而实现“人-制”格局的和谐发展。

As an institution arrangement, democracy has its main design conceptions： people-oriented, sovereignty in the hands of the people, Constitution＇s paramountcy, human rights＇ supremacy, power constraints etc. However, the practice of the development of history shows that it is almost impossible at an operational level for all citizens of a country to participate in national public affairs in the complicated reality of political life. Thus the workable design of the system of representative democracy has become an inevitable choice in reality. As far as the conceptions and operation system are concerned, the construction of the contemporary Chinese democracy should integrate the improvement of the quality of citizens, the perfection of specific systems, the representative democracy and direct democracy. And thus the harmonious development of the ＂person-system＂ pattern can be realized.