机载短波红外分光谱遥感技术直接寻找油气资源研究

Study of Detecting Directly Oil-Gas Resources by Airborne Short Wave Infrared Split Spectral Remote Sensing

本文对新疆准噶尔盆地和塔里木盆地北部，某些油气区的含油岩系、油气藏上方的土壤覆盖层和某些化学纯的烃类物质的光谱特征研究表明：烃类物质在２３１０和２３５０ｎｍ具有双汲收特征，２２７０～２４６０ｎｍ的反射率比相邻波段低１５％～２０％。油气藏上方普遍存在着烃类异常、放射性异常，而碳酸盐矿化蚀变仅在局部地方出现。航空短波红外分光谱遥感技术直接寻找油气资源的试验研究表明：地物波段特征研究是该技术的基础；探测器工作波段的选择是核心；图像处理技术是关键。图像处理提取出的油气遥感信息主要反映的是烃类物质（以重烃为主）的２２７０～２４６０ｎｍ的光谱信息。该技术直接应用于油气资源的前期勘探是很有前途的。

Exploring and exploiting oil and gas are based on seismic prospecting. Since 1980s, the theory of oil-gas exploration and exploitation has been developing. It has been verified that hydrocarbon microseepage upon reservoirs can cause surface materials to be altered. The oil-gas manifestations that can be detected using remote sensing include: (1) soil-absorbed hydrocarbon anomalies; (2) red bed fading; (3 ) alteration haloes of clay minerals; (4) carbonate anomalies; (5) radioactive anomalies; (6) geothermal inertia anomalies; (7)geobotany anomalies. Combining the theory of reservoir hydrocarbon microseepage with spectral features of earth surfce materials, a new method for detecting directly oil and gas resources using remote sensing is put forward. The method can rapidly, econimically and effctively provide target regions for oil-gas exploration.In the technique, earth surface spectral informations are a basis, and scanner selection is a core and image processing technique is a key. Through studing spectral features of such the materials as oil-bearing rock series, soil covers upon reservoirs in the test regions and some chemically pure hydrocarbons, it is testified that crude oil, oil seep. soil containing hydrocarbons, and hydrocarbons (mainly heavy hydrocarbon) behave an absorbing valley with a wavelength of 2270 to 2460 nm, or double valleys with a wavelength of 2310 and 2350 nm respectively. Shortwave infrared split spectral scanner can detect surface spectral informations of alteration materials related to reservoirs.The study of surface spectral feature. can provide not only basic data for remote sensing detecting of oil-gas resources, but also a scheme for image processing. The distributional area of oil-gas remote sensing information from carbonate spectral information-dominated image processing is smaller,corresponding to only a part of reservoirs, whereas the remote sensing anomaly information from hydrocarbon spectral information-dominated image processing is well corresponding to the known oil-gas regions.Linear remote sensing anomaly informations represent the reservoirs controlled by fault structures and the circle haloes are related to the reservoirs controlled by dome structures.In a word, the remote sensing informations from airborne shortwave infrared aplit spectral image of Jungeer and Talinu basins in Xinjiang reflect spectral informations of hydrocarbons (main heavy hydrocarbon) related to reservoirs.