日本天皇即位仪式“大尝祭”的历史演变与社会分析

Historical evolution and social analysis of "Dainame Fiesta" for the Japan's Emperor

“大尝祭”是日本天皇即位最重要的仪式,是日本神道信仰的集中体现,它作为权力实践和权力技术的仪式来实现神权与王权的统一。它的变迁演示出民间社会与皇权集团互动、变异的过程。天皇即位时举行的“大尝祭”,来源于每年举行一次的“新尝祭”———庆祝国民平安、喜获丰收的纪念仪式,“大尝”意为“大的新尝”。“新尝”其最初由日本民间水稻丰收节———“吃新节”演变而来,究其根源乃出于中国大陆古老的稻作文化。

＂Dainame Fiesta＂ is the most important rite for the Japan＇s Emperor＇s ascending throne ceremony and it also reflects the people＇s religious beliefs in Japan. As a rite of power practice and technique to realize the unity between theocracy and monarchial power, its evolution reflects the process of interaction between folk society and monarch groups. The emperor only held ＂Dainame Fiesta＂ for once after ascending, which originates from an annual ＂Niiname Fiesta＂, a rite to celebrate the prosperity, and great order and harvests of the country. ＂Niiname Fiesta＂ actually can be traced to a rice harvest festival in Japan, which can be further traced to the rice cultivation culture in China's Mainland.