马克思自然美论刍议——学习马克思《1844年经济学哲学手稿》札记之一

On Marx's Natural Aesthetics——One of the Reading Notes of Marx's Economics and Philosophy of the Year 1844

何谓自然美,自然何以为美?尽管在中外美学史上论述颇多,角度不一,方法各异,其结论也大相径庭,但有一点则是共同的,那就是强调自然美的自由自觉性或自然向人生成。马克思从人类的社会实践活动考察了自然美的本源,认为自然美来自自然的“人化”和人的本质力量“对象化”,是人在社会实践中将其本质力量“物化”在对象上的结果。因此,实践性是马克思自然美论的逻辑起点。

What is the natural beauty and what can be called beauty in the nature？ Although there are many argumentations in Chinese and foreign history of aesthetics from different angles with various methods and resulting in widely distant conclusions, there is one common point： emphasizing the consciousness of natural beauty or the objects＇ natural form in accordance with human consciousness. Marx studied the origin of natursl beauty from the social practice of human beings. He believes that the natural beauty derives from the ＂personification＂ of the nature and the ＂ objectification＂ of human intrinsic strength, and it is the resuh of ＂materialization＂ of human intrinsic strength on the objects in the social practice of human beings. Therefore, practicality is the logical beginning point of Marx＇ s natural aesthetics.