新疆塔城市1999-2004年各民族高考学生屈光及视力情况调查

Investigate the visual acuity and refractive conditions for the students who are going to join the annual entrance examinations to college from 1999 to 2004 in Tacheng City

目的对塔城市1999年至2004年所有参加高考的学生进行屈光状况调查分析。方法对塔城市六年间所有参加的高考学生进行标准裸眼视力检查,对视力不正常者作常规眼科检查、用自动验光仪验光及显然验光。2004年对双眼裸眼视力均正常(≥1.0)的326名考生测量了眼轴长度。结果共检9846人,汉族考生7557人,少数民族考生2289人。少数民族中哈萨克族考生1154人,维吾尔族考生736人,回族考生115人,达斡尔族80人,俄罗斯考生55人,蒙古族考生51人,其它如柯尔克孜族、锡伯族、塔塔尔族、满族、壮族共98人。平均年龄为(18.31±0.45)岁。共检19692眼,视力正常10012眼,占50.84%,视力异常眼数9680眼,占49.16%。视力异常眼中,有14眼为外伤性白内障及眼球萎缩,103只眼为弱视眼,占视力异常眼数的1.21%,其余均可矫正至正常。汉族考生中屈光不正患病率为57.11%,少数民族为22.89%,二者有极显著性差异(P<0.01)。男考生和女考生的近视患病率分别为41.22%和58.78%,男女考生之间有极显著性差异(P<0.01)。各民族考生屈光不正以轻中度为主,不同民族间考生屈光不正的构成比有显著性差异(P<0.05)。考生在不同年度之间屈光不正患病率亦有显著性差异(P<0.01)。2004年视力正常的考生中维族学生眼轴最短,汉族学生眼轴最长。结论所调查人群的屈光状态存在性别、民族、程度及年度之差异将有助于针对性地保护视力的健康教育和近视病因学研究。

Objective Investigate the refractive conditions for all of the students who are going to join the annual entrance examinations of college from 1999 to 2004 in Tacheng City. Methods Visual acuity （VA） of naked eye are examined with international standard visual acuity chart. Slit lamp and direct ophthalmoscope are performed for those with visual acuity less than 1.0 to exclude organic diseases such as trauma, cataract ect. If with no organic disease automatic optometry and refractive examination are performed to obtain the refractive errors. 326 students with normal VA（ ≥ 1.0） in 2004 were measured the axial length in both eyes. Results 9846 students including 7557 Han Nationality and 2289 minority are totally enrolled. There are 1154 Kazak, 736 Uigur, 115 Hui Nationality, 51 Mongol, 55 Russian and 98 other minorities. Average age is 18.31 ± 0.45 year-old. 19692 eyes are examined, including 10012 normal eyes （50.84%） and 9680 abnormal eyes （49.16%）. Those with Uncorrected VA consist of 14 traumatic cataracts and 103 amblyopia. Incidence of Refractive error for Han Nationality and Minority is 57.11% and 22.89% respectively, there is significant difference statistically between them （P〈0.005）. Significant difference of incidence of refractive error also occurred between genders （41.22% for male vs. 58.78% for female） （P〈0.005）. Mild and moderate myopia are the main components and the ratios of different refractions between Han Nationality and Minorities are different significantly （P〈0.005）. The incidences among the six years are different significantly （P〈0.005）.There exit statistical different of eye axial length between nationalities who had normal VA. Conclusion the significant differences of refractive conditions for the given population occurring in different nationalities, genders and years are beneficial to the protection of sight for youth and the research of etiology for myopia.