山西小麦生态研究Ⅰ生态监测点的产量反应及结构分析

The Ecological Study of Shanxi Wheat 1.Yield Reaction and Structure Analysis in Ecological Monitoring Spots

本文采用不同冬春类型品种在我省南、中、北不同生态麦区的１５个县、市，１７个不同栽培条件试点上进行定位观察，获得１６个生态监测点，１１９个环境×品种的组合产量，明确了样点产量与产量结构的变异特点：穗数＞粒数＞粒重，表明穗数是最易受自然与栽培环境影响而变化的关键产量因素。试验在６０万穗之内，穗数与产量几乎呈线性关系，相关系数达０．８２。在对产量的作用力上，环境作用力占到９０％多，远大于品种对产量的作用，并相对表现为环境对穗数作用力较大，而品种对穗粒重作用力较大，试验年份由于越冬气温偏高，半冬性小麦在晋中忻州都安全越冬，春性小麦在霍县以南及太原小气候下亦安全越冬。

The experiment is based on the locational observations of different winter and springwheat species in 17 experimental spots with different cultivative conditions distributed among 15counties and cities in southern, middle and northern Shanxi.The results obtained are of the vieldsby 119 combinations between wheat species and environmental conditions in 16 ecological moni-toring spots.The variations of spot yield and yield structure are by the descent order as:the varia-tion of ears per mu,that of grain mumber per ear,and of the weight of 1,000 grains. This charac-teristic indicates that the number of ear;per mu is the cucial factor of yield and is mostly affectedby natural and cultivative conditions.The experiment is carried out among 600,000 ears andshows a linear relation between the number of earsand the vield with a coefficient of 0. 82. As tothe yield, the environment conditions have an effect of more than 90 %, which is much greaterthan that of species, for the number of ears is mainly determined by environment conditions andthe weight of grains by species.Since the winter of the experiment is quite warm,the half-winterwheat of Xin-zhou pass it safely,and so does the spring wheat of Tai-yuan and in Huo County and blaces to the south.