上海浦东机场蚊类的调查研究

Investigation on mosquitoes at Pudong international airdrome of Shanghai

目的调查了解浦东国际机场地区蚊虫种类及生态习性。方法用帐诱法、灯诱法和采集幼虫等方法进行调查。结果浦东国际机场地区采获蚊虫5属13种，按蚊属1种，伊蚊属1种，库蚊属9种，阿蚊属1种，曼蚊属1种；季节消长（帐诱法）呈坡型，蚊虫于4月出现，6月达到高峰，7—11月逐渐减少，12月消失。侵袭人类以致倦库蚊和淡色库蚊（占44．48％）、三带喙库蚊（占25．92％）和中华按蚊（占3．99％）为多；昼夜消长，夜间以库蚊和按蚊为主，活动高峰分别为日出前1h和日落后1h，白昼为白纹伊蚊，10：00为第一个高峰，15：00为第二个高峰；蚊虫叮人频率最多时可达32次／15min，4—11月均有危害。结论致倦库蚊、淡色库蚊、三带喙库蚊和中华按蚊是该地区危害人类的主要蚊种，本调查为蚊虫防制提供了生态学依据。

Objective To investigate the community structure of mosquito at Pudong international airdrome in 2005. Methods Using human baited net trap method, lamp baited trap method and larvae collection method. Results Mosquitoes collected from Pudong international airdrome area were subjected to 5 genera 13 species, one species of Anopheles, one species of Aedes, nine species of Culex, one species of Arrnigeres and one species of Mansonia. The curves of seasonal fluctuation showed a slope shape, came forth in April, reached the peak in June, declined gradually from July to November and disappeared in December. Human were attacked mainly by Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus and Culex pipiens pallens （ 44.48% ） , Culex tritaeniorhynchus （ 25.92% ） and Anopheles sinensis （3.99%）. Culex and Anopheles activated at night, the peak of activity occurred one hour before sunrise and one hour after sunfall. Aedes activated at daylight, the first activity peak occurred at l0：00 and the second activity peak occurred at 15：00. Mosquitoes attacked human from April to November, a most high bite rate reached 32 times per 15 min. Conclusion Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus, Culex pipiens pallens, Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Anopheles sinensis were dominant population in this area. The investigation provided some basic foundations for mosquito control.