从GTO变流器到IGBT变流器看传动技术的发展(一)

Traction Developments (GTO, IGBT) (1)

铁道机车动车在完成其牵引和运输任务中,传动技术起着决定性的作用。无论是在发挥牵引力方面,还是在与电网的关系方面,电力电子学和交流传动控制技术赋予了传动新的特征。GTO技术为交流传动的发展作出了重要贡献。但最近期间IGBT技术有了长足的发展,其功率和电压应用范围得到了扩大,并逐步取代GTO。以德国BR423型城市高速铁路电动车组、BR185型电力机车以及瑞士联邦铁路Re484多流制机车的牵引变流器为例介绍了IGBT技术的优点和新的潜力。

Three-phase traction has displaced or is displacing the older system of commutator motors in every conceivable form of rail vehicle. A generation implemented with GTO （Gate Turn Off） thyristors is now giving way to a new generation using IGBT （Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor） technology. The author illustrates this trend by presenting the GTO and IGBT current converters manufactured by Bombardier Transportation for the class-423 ＂S-Bahn＂ EMUs and for Deutsche Bahn＇ s class- 185 electric locomotives. Thanks to the fact that less wiring is required, IGBT current converters are smaller and lighter-weight than GTO ones and cause less power loss in the weakload range. The latest IGBT technology with a locking voltage of 6.5 kV makes it possible to implement compact multi-system current converters, of which an eloquent example is to be found on Bombardier＇ s TRAXX F140 multi-system locomotive for the Swiss Federal Railways （class Re 484）.