试论自然保护区功能的公共性分析

The Public Analysis about the Functions of Nature Reserves

在总结自然保护区功能的基础上,运用经济学相关理论,对自然保护区的功能进行公共性分析,把自然保护区的功能划分为公共物品、共有资源、私人物品和产品的自然垄断,以期为保护区的价值评估和确定保护区的管理模式形成一个经济学基础;指出自然保护区的外部经济性、“搭便车”现象、市场失灵和政府失灵等问题;指出保护区管理主体多元化的客观必然性;提出保护区管理主体应该以政府为核心,积极吸引私人主体、社会第三部门、当地社区和国际组织广泛参与,这将有利于自然保护区的可持续发展,促进人与自然和谐发展。

The author analyzes the public character of function of nature protection area （NPA） on the basis of concluding the NPA functions as natural monopoly on public goods, public resource and private goods and product. The analysis aims to provide a economics standpoint for NPA＇s value evaluation and management patterns. Because of NPA＇s economic extemality, hitchhiking phenomenon, market malfunction and government malfunction, it is a necessity for the diversification of NPA managemential entities, which include government, private sector, community, the third party organization and other non - governmental organizations. This may benefit sustainable development of NPA and harmonious development of human and nature.