广州市青少年肥胖现状及减肥行为分析

RISK BEHAVIORS OF ADOLESCENTS IN GUANGZHOU:UNHEALTHY WEIGHT CONTROL BEHAVIORS

目的:了解广州市青少年减肥行为的现状,为制定干预措施提供依据。方法:采取分层整群抽样方法,抽取广州市16所学校(6所初中、6所高中、3所中专和1所大学)共3800名学生,采用《广东省青少年健康相关行为问卷》进行调查。组织学生以班级为单位进行无记名问卷调查,问卷由学生独立完成,统一发放,统一回收。结果:共调查3800名学生,有效调查表为3770份(男生1832人,女生1938人),有效率达99·21%。有33·58%的学生(男20·74%,女45·72%)认为自己有点重或很重,该发生率女生显著高于男生,差异有统计学意义,而这部分学生中只有9·56%(男23·95%,女3·39%)是真正超重或肥胖。有28·38%(其构成比为男35·70%,女64·30%)的学生在调查前的30天里曾经采取过减肥或防止增重的行为,女生显著高于男生,差异有统计学意义。总调查人群中采用锻炼行为的占22·04%,控制某类食物的摄入量占16·82%、故意把食物吐出来占0·85%、接连24小时或更长时间不吃东西占0·77%和擅自吃减肥药占0·82%。结论:青少年学生对肥胖的认识存在明显偏差,大部分学生采取的减肥方式是科学的,女生是减肥行为预防和控制的重点人群,应加强对学生健康和营养知识的教育。

Objective： To collect the information about unhealthy weight control behaviors among the adolescents of Guangzhou. Methods： A risk behaviors surrey, titled ＂2005 Guangzbou YRBSS＂, was conducted among 3 800 students selected from 6 middle schools, 6 high schools, 3 secondary specialized schools and 1 university in Guangzhou. Results： Among 3 800 questionnaire, 3 770 pieces （ 1 832 boys and 1 938 girls） were valid, the percentage was 99.21%. About 33.58 % students thought they were overweight. But only 9.56% students in those who considered they were overweight were really overweight of fat. To loss weight or avoid gaining weight during a month preceding the survey, 22.04 % of the students had made exercise, 16.82 % of them had eaten less food, fewer calories or foocl lower in fat. 0.85% of them had vomited up the food intentionally, 0.77% of them eat nothing in 24 hours or longer time, 0.82% of them had taken pills without a doctor＇ s advice, total were about 28.38% （the proportion of male and female were respectively 35.70% and 64.30% ）. Girl＇s were higher than boy＇s obviously. Conclusion： Knowledge of nutrition evaluation and weight management needed to be developed in adolescents, and individual intervene in prevention and controlling unhealthy weight conrail behaviors should be implemented.