基于地统计学和GIS的土壤和蔬菜重金属的环境质量评价

Evaluation on Environmental Quality of Heavy Metals in Soils and Vegetables Based on Geostatistics and GIS

以浙江省上虞市东关镇为例,利用地统计学与GIS技术相结合的方法揭示了该地区土壤与蔬菜重金属含量的空间分布特征,并评价其重金属的环境质量状况,在参照评价标准的基础上,绘制了土壤与蔬菜重金属的空间分布图,并对其成因进行了探讨.结果表明:东关镇大部分田块存在着重金属分布不均的情况;Cu、Zn的含量偏低,Pb、Cd含量偏高;全镇土壤和蔬菜重金属含量的空间变异很大,土壤重金属的全量与有效态含量之间存在显著的正相关,空间分布存在一定相似形,与蔬菜的空间分布则存在很大的区别,蔬菜重金属含量与土壤重金属的含量有一定的相关性,基本都未达到显著水平;小青菜中Zn和Cu的含量未超标,Pb、Cd则超标.

Contents of heavy metals （Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu） in soils and vegetables from Dongguan town in Shangyu city, China were studied using geostatistical analysis and GIS technique to evaluate environmental quality. Based on the evaluation criteria, the distribution of the spatial variability of heavy metals in soil-vegetable system was mapped and analyzed. The results showed that the distribution of soil heavy metals in a large number of soil samples in Dongguan town was asymmetric. The contents of Zn and Cu were lower than those of Cd and Pb. The concentrations distribution of Pb, Zn, Cd and Cu in soils and vegetables were different in spatial variability. There was a close relationship between total and available contents of heavy metals in soil. The contents of Pb and Cd in green vegetables were higher than those of Zn and Cu and exceeded the national sanitation standards for vegetables.