复合菌剂对农业废弃物堆肥过程中理化指标变化的影响

Effect of Combined Fungus on Physical and Chemical Index During Agricultural Wastes Composting

选用鸡粪和玉米秸秆为堆肥原料,进行高温好氧堆肥试验,研究了添加的复合菌剂在堆肥过程中对温度、pH值、EC、氮素及碳氮比等理化指标的影响。结果表明,复合菌剂能够迅速提高发酵体的温度,使温度超过65℃,能加快有机物料的分解速度,碳氮比降低速率提高11.1%,促进了堆肥的腐熟、稳定。在NH3释放比较集中的堆肥初期,pH值降低0.2以上,腐熟堆肥中铵态氮增加13.1%,供试菌剂能够有效地抑制NH3释放,减少臭气的产生并促进氮素积累,全氮增加5.4%。添加的复合菌剂有利于鸡粪和玉米秸秆的发酵腐熟,试验结果对堆肥生产具有指导意义。

Different types of strains were isolated and purified by plate dilution method. Combined fungus was produced by selectively arranging preponderant strains and the combined fungus was added to the decayed compost using chicken manure and maize stalk as the raw materials. The change of temperature, pH, EC, nitrogen, the ratio of C/N and other physical and chemical indexes during composting were studied in the high temperature and aerobic experiment used C/N, the ratio of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen. The results showed that during composting with addition of combined fungus, the temperature rose rapidly to higher than 65 ℃, the decomposition of organic materials accelerated, the decreased ratio of C/N increased by 11.1%, promoting the formation of the decay and stability of compost. At the initial stage of intensive NH3 release, pH values decreased by 0.2-0.3, ammonium nitrogen in the decayed compost increased by 13.1%. Therefore the combined fungus used in the experiment can effectively control the release of NH3, decrease the production of stench and promote the nitrogen accumulation, lead to the increase of total nitrogen by 5.4%, which can guide compost production.