制度与政策影响下的北京南苑环境变迁

Environmental Changes Affected by Factors in System and Policy concerning Nanyuan in Beijing

北京南苑地区在元明清三代都是皇家苑囿,清末民国年间被垦为农田。各个时期的国家制度与政策对此发挥了关键作用,显示出人类社会经济行为对于环境变迁的影响。本文讨论制度与政策刻意保护之下的南苑历史自然面貌、制度与政策被迫松动后的南苑土地开垦、清末全面招垦后南苑土地功能的急剧转换与聚落的迅速增长等问题,由此探讨制度与政策因素对区域环境变迁的影响,并为认识当代社会类似问题提供参考。

The area of Nanyuan in Beijing was an imperial garden from the Yuan Dynasties to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, but it was reclaimed in large scale during the transition from the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China. The factors in system and policy played the key part in this course, which influenced the degree of environmental changes by human action for society or economy. This article discusses the historical natural environment, the course of land reclamation, the rapid transition of land function and the fast increase of settlements, along with the transitions in system and policy concerning Nanyuan in history, so as to provide reference for the present time.