论双轨政治下的香港司法权——宪政维度下的再思考

本文对《香港基本法》实施以来形成的释法权争论进行了回顾与反思,并以宪政主义的视角,重新解读了释法权之争的宪法本质。论文认为,造成当前香港基本法双轨制释法的原因不能简单地从中央地方关系层面理解,而是应当充分认识到香港本地立法、行政和司法权之间缺乏有效的制衡关系。两方面都体现了宪政主义对权力关系的规定。在《基本法》目前的框架下,回应双轨制的适当方法是区别政治问题与法律问题。对政治问题,香港司法机构应当采取审慎的态度,而全国人大常委会则应当考虑通过甄选与任命等政治方法影响司法权的行使。对法律问题,则应当完善法律程序、明确法律范畴。范畴的区别对两地形成共识与进一步沟通也提供了必要的条件。

This article aims to provide a constitutionalist perspective to the debates over the dual track interpretation of Hong Kong Basic Law. In the past, the debates have been focused on the vertical relationship between the Judiciary of HKSAR and the NPCSC of the Central Government. This one - dimensional theory has turned out to be ineffective in response to the HK issues. This article introduces a self- sufficient or self- enforcing constitutionalism theory, which requires an equilibrium relationship among the powers, both vertically and horizontally. As a result, the Judiciary of Hong Kong shall restraint itself from political questions due to subtle political control, while the N-N2SC shall justify its interpretation power through improved rules of orocedures and institutionalized oversight.