广州医院低分子量羰基化合物研究

Study of Low-Molecular-Weight Carbonyl Compounds in Guangzhou Hospitals

2004年1月2日—3月20日对广州市区4家医院室内外的低分子量羰基化合物进行了检测.实验方法是应用羰基化合物和2,4-二硝基苯肼(DNPH)迅速反应生成衍生物,产物在高效液相色谱上进行检测;每家医院连续采样5 d.结果表明:广州医院丙酮的质量浓度最高,其次是乙醛和甲醛,除甲醛外,室内羰基化合物的质量浓度稍高于室外;羰基化合物之间的相关性不好,可能是它们的来源比较复杂,如车辆排放、建筑装饰材料、医用试剂等,其中广泛使用酒精消毒可能是医院乙醛质量浓度偏高的原因.对医院甲醛、乙醛在人体内的暴露水平做了讨论,与其他类似场所相比,医院的暴露风险相对较小.

Indoor and outdoor concentration levels of low-molecular-weight carbonyl compounds were measured in four hospitals of Guangzhou, and the sampling time was from 2^nd January to 20^th March 2004. The study was based on the rapid reaction of carbonyl compounds and 2,4- dinitrophenylhydrazine （DNPH）, and the derivatives were detected by HPLC. Samples were collected in 5 consecutive daytimes for each hospital. The results were as follows： acetone was the most abundant carbonyl in hospitals of Guangzhou, followed by acetaldehyde and formaldehyde. The indoor mass concentrations of carbonyls were found a little higher than their outdoor counterparts except for formaldehyde. The low correlations between carbonyls mass concentrations might be caused by their complex sources, e.g. vehicular exhaust, building and decoration materials, and reagents in hospital, etc. The relatively high level of acetaldehyde mass concentrations in hospital might result from the wide employment of ethanol as disinfectant. The human exposure levels of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in hospitals were discussed. Compared to other sites, the exposure risks in hospitals were lower.