本国生态足迹指标的构建及其实证研究

Formulation of Domestic Ecological Footprint Indicator and Its Application

基于生态足迹方法，提出并构建了度量国家环境压力总量的本国生态足迹指标，应用该指标对我国1961年～2003年的本国生态足迹、环境承载面积及本国生态赤字进行了计算，分析了中国环境压力的历史轨迹、发展趋势及其构成和主要矛盾，探讨了它们与经济发展的关系．结果表明我国的生态系统从20世纪70年代初就一直处于超载状态，本国生态足迹已达28亿多公顷．这表明我国经济的快速发展和工业化进程是以本国生态资源的大量消耗为基础的；而能源和农业问题是中国可持续发展需要解决的首要问题．

A new indicator, domestic ecological footprint, is formulated for measuring aggregate national environmental pressure based on the ecological footprint method. The indicator is applied to China for the period of 1961 - 2003. The domestic ecological footprint, ecological carrying capacity, and domestic ecological deficit are calculated. The historical profile, trend as well as the composition of China＇ s environmental pressure are analyzed and the key problem indicated. The relationship between the national environmental pressure and the economical development is investigated. Results show that the ecological system of China has been overburdened since the beginning of 1970s, its domestic ecological footprint in 2003 reached 2.8 billion global hectares. This indicates that the fast economic growth and industrialization have been powered by high consumption of domestic ecological resources, and energy and agriculture are the key issues that must be addressed to turn the economy on a sustainable development track.