“凡是”与“所有”之比较

On the Differences between “Fanshi” and “Suoyou”

“凡是”与“所有”语义上通常认为没有任何区别,其实二者并不相同。从句法位置上看,“凡是”只能出现在句首,“所有”则能出现在句子的多个位置;从语义上看,“凡是”并没有“所有”的意义,而是句式赋予的;从词性上来看,“凡是”是连词,“所有”则是形容词。“所有”侧重于断定一种现实情况,而“凡是”侧重在断定一种条件联系,更接近于“只要是”的意思,甚至包含有一种轻微的假设意味。

It is generally accepted that ＂fanshi＂ （凡是） and ＂suoyou＂ （所有） are semantically identical. In fact there are several differences between ＂fanshi＂ and ＂suoyou＂ ： in terms of syntactical structure, the former only appears at the beginning of a sentence while the latter can be placed in more positions of a sentence ; in terms of meaning, the former does not contain the meaning of the latter, hut gains its meaning from the sentence ; in terms of word class, the former is a conjunction while the latter is an adjective; and in addition, the former emphasizes a condition link and even a slight sense of supposition while the latter emphasizes the assertion of a present condition.