论孔子对西周传统孝道观念的重构

Confucius Reconstruction on the Concept of Traditional Filial Piety in Xizhou Period

春秋之世,传统的以崇拜祖先为主的“孝死”观念逐渐淡漠了,代之而起的是对在世父母的“孝生”观念,孔子顺应了时代的变化,赋予了西周传统孝道观念以新的内容。首先,孔子将西周孝道从宗法教条中解放出来,转变为个人品德修养的最根本内容。其次,孔子的孝道思想是双向的,就是不仅子要孝,而且父也要慈,这正体现了春秋时期伦理思想的特点:相对性、平等性。第三,孔子提出了“孝为仁之本”的命题,认为“孝”是一切道德规范的根本基础及发展的前提。

The traditional concept of ＂filial piety to the dead＂ which mainly presented as ancestor worship in Chunqiu period was being further weakened,instead,the concept of ＂filial piety to the alive＂ which performed as the filial piety to alive parents was gradually well accepted. Confucius caught this change and endowed the traditional filial piety of Xizhou with new thought. He liberated the filial piety of Xizhou from patriarchal clan system,and transformed it as the culture fundament of personal moral character. Moreever,the thought of filial piety of Confucius was bi- directional, it was unscrambled that not only family presented filial piety to parents, but father should be kindliness. This thought clearly reflected the characters of relativity and egalitarian of ethic in Chunqiu Period. Finally,Confucius advanced the proposition that filial piety was the root of benignity,and regarded filial piety as the base and premise for all of ethics.