广西玉米种质资源的特征特性及利用评价

Characteristics and evaluation on utilization of maize germplasm in Guangxi

1963～2000年间，广西共收集、保存玉米种质资源1575份，其中广西地方农家种1217份，外省品种5份，国外品种93份，国外自交系249份，国内自交系11份。性状鉴定结果表明：广西玉米种质资源各性状的表现差异较大，生育期春播71～145d，秋播68～111d；株高78～293cm，穗位高17～191cm，穗长6．3～21.5cm，穗粗1．7～5．3cm，穗行数8～24行；果穗多为锥形，粒型以硬粒为主，粒色以白、黄为主，千粒重50～460g。对489份地方种质资源进行籽粒品质分析，结果表明：蛋白质含量9．08％～14．99％．脂肪含量3．22％～7．35％，氨基酸含量0．25％～0．40％。利用广西玉米种质资源培育出的都安2号、多苞玉米30号、墨白玉米、苏湾1号、墨黄9号以及新近育成的糯玉米品种玉美头601、玉美头602等，对广西玉米生产起到了非常重要的作用。今后应继续做好广西玉米种质资源的收集和保存工作，为进一步丰富玉米育种基础提供坚实的物质保障。

Total 1575 maize germplasm accessions were collected and conserved in Guangxi during 1963-2000, and among them 1217 were local native varieties in Guangxi, five were introduced from other provinces, 93 were introduced from abroad, and there were 249 inbred lines from abroad and 11 domestic inbred lines. The identification of characteristics showed that there was obvious difference among the traits of maize germplasm. The growth duration in spring was 71-145 days and that of in autumn was 68-111 days. The plant height ranked 78-293cm, the ear height was 17-191cm, the ear length was 6.3-21.5cm, the ear thickness was 1.7-5.3 cm, rows per ear was 8-24, the 1000-grain weight was 50-460g; and the ear shape was taper with white or yellow solids. The grain qualities of 489 local germplasm were analyzed, and the results showed that the protein content was 9.08%-14.99%, the fat content and amino acid content was 3. 22%-7. 35% and 0. 25%-0. 40%, respectively. In the successful breeding of Dou＇an No. 2, Duobao maize No. 30, Mobai maize, Suwan No. 1, Mohuang No. 9 and new waxy varieties Yumeitou 601 and Yumeitou 602, etc. , the application maize germplasm in Guangxi has played a very important role as well in the production. In order to provide solid and basic material supports for enriching maize breeding in Guangxi, the collection and conservation of maize germplasm should be kept on and strengthened.