海南黑冠长臂猿栖息地群落优势种及采食植物生态位特性

Niche Breadth and Overlap of the Feeding Plants in the Forest Communities as Habitats for Nomascus hainanus

应用样方调查法,研究了海南黑冠长臂猿Nomascus hainanus现生栖息地群落优势种及其采食植物生态位特点,以了解它们对生境的适应和相互之间的竞争状况.在4 800 m2调查样方中,有41种海南黑冠长臂猿采食植物,占总种数190种的21.58%,但其重要值占58.89%.群落中生态位宽度在1以上者仅有24种,占12.63%,生态位宽度小于1者比例较大,共有166种,占87.36%,其中,采食植物生态位宽度大于1者只有13种,其余28种小于1者占采食植物总数的68.29%.生态位重叠值在0.5以上的17对种群中有12对为海南黑冠长臂猿采食植物.研究表明:海南黑冠长臂猿采食植物之间生境要求相似或者竞争较为激烈,迫切需要恢复栖息地低地雨林以使它们有更广阔更适宜的生存空间.

Niche characters of the dominant plants and the feeding plants for Hainan black-crested gibbons, Nomascus hainanus in Hainan Bawangling National Nature Reserve were studied by plot survey to understand their adaptations to the environments and competitions. A total of 190 species were recorded in the plot with an area of 4 800 m2, of which 41 species, accounting for 21.58% and 58.89% in species number and importance value, respectively, were fed by the gibbons. There were only 24 plants or 12.63% of the plants with a niche breadth higher than 1, while other 166 plants or 87.36% of the plants with a niche breadth lower than 1. Among the feeding plants, there were only 13 plants or 31.71% of them with a niche breadth higher than 1, while other 28 plants or 68.29% of them with a niche breadth lower than 1. And among 17 species pairs with an overlap index higher than 0. 5, 12 pairs are both feeding plants. This study indicates that the current habitat of montane forest is less suitable for the feeding plants so to recover the lowland rain forest are suggested to carried out as soon as possible.