关于黑洞热力学第0定律

On the Zeroth Law Thermodynamics of Black Hole

分析了JDBekentein黑洞热力学第0定律的基本矛盾.根据热力学中第0定律的本质含义,Bekentein黑洞热力学第0定律中引入的温度并不具有通常意义下的热平衡传递性.因此Bekentein黑洞热力学第0定律并不满足一般热力学第0定律的基本要求.若把引力场对时空弯曲的因素考虑在内,则在黑洞视界内可以形式地引入一个能在视界内保持“热平衡传递性”的温度,即视界温度.然而这个温度不是任意的,而是受动力学参量——视界引力加速κ+完全控制的温度.因此黑洞热力学中温度的传递性不仅局限于黑洞视界面上,而且还只能对由κ+所决定的视界温度才具有热平衡的传递性.即使这样,由于纯引力场能量是负定的,因此由视界引力加速度κ+决定的温度也必然是负定的,而不可能是正定的.

The inherent contradictions of the zeroth law of thermodynamics in Bekenstein black hole thermodynamics has been analysed. The results in this paper showed that, on the basis of the essential connotation of zeroth law of thermodynamics the black hole（including the stationary black hole） can＇t be the equilibrium systems, and so the expression for the temperature in black hole thermodynamics is only formal expression. Even so, if the time-space warps of gravitalional field are taken into consideration, the horizon-temperature may be formally introduced with the transmission of thermal equilibrium in the horizon of black hole, but this temperature is not arbitrary value, it must be horizen-temperature controlled by kinetic parameter, the horizon acceleration k＋. Therefore, the transmission of thermal equilibrium in black hole not only must be limited to the horizon area, but also the value of temperature of tbermal equilibrium system must be the horizon-temperature. However since the energy of gravitational field must be negative, the horizon temperature can＇t be positive, it must be negative.