在“良知”中生成的“心”与“物”及其关系——王阳明“心外无物”的合理诠释

The "Mind" and the "Substance" that are Formed in "Intuitive Knowlege"and Their Relationship——A reasonable annotation of Wang Yangming's Idea "Nothing Exists beyond the Mind"

“心外无物”是王阳明心学体系的重要命题。在阳明那里,“心”即“良知”,一种绝对的生成的道德自觉准则。与此“心”相应,“意”非意识,而是“良知”之“致”,进而“物”则为“良知”所直贯而来的具体的道德性行为。所以,“心外无物”展示的是:具体的道德性行为离不开主体的“良知”。阳明、儒家通过具体的道德性行为把“他者”纳入到主体的“良知”中来。这是一种道德关系的建构。

＂Nothing exists beyond the mind＂ is an important idea in Wang Yangming＇ s mental outlook system. In his opinion, the ＂mind＂ is nothing but ＂intuitive knowledge＂, an absolute and formed moral self - conscious principle. Corresponding to the ＂mind＂, ＂intention＂ is not consciousness but an ＂extension＂ of the ＂intuitive knowledge＂. And then ＂substance＂ is the concrete moral behavior coming down directly from the ＂intuitive knowledge＂. Therefore, what the idea of ＂Nothing exists beyond the mind＂ reveals is： the specific moral activity depends on the intuitive knowledge of tile subject. Yangming and the Confucian absorb ＂others＂ into the intuitive knowledge of the subject. This is a construction of the relations.