试论哲学与科学的区别

On the Differences between Philosophy and Science

科学在其产生的最初时期是与哲学融合在一起的,近代以来科学才与哲学分立门户。科学的思维是对象性的思维,是对世界中特定事物、领域的认识,进而形成特定的、专门的确定性的知识。哲学是对科学往往忽略的前提性的东西进行全面而深入的思考,以达到对事物本质性的认识。科学所得知识的确定性容易对人产生一种无形的“强制力,”哲学的多元方法则导致了哲学的多样性。科学作为一种实证性的知识,有正误之分,无好坏之别。哲学无所谓正误之分,而有好坏之别。科学追求的目标是确定的和切近的,哲学追求的目标是不确定的、至极的。

Originally, science was mixed with philosophy, and later it was separated from philosophy. Science evolves from people＇s understanding of certain matters and fields of the world which gives rise to particular and specialized knowledge. Philosophy is defined as comprehensive consideration of the things which are often ignored in the field of science. Philosophy leads people to understand the nature of things. The definitiveness of scientific knowledge often makes people have a kind of invisible ＂force＂, while the diversified methodologies of philosophy result in diversity of philosophy. As science is a kind of empirical knowledge, it has right or wrong knowledge, but not good or bad knowledge; philosophy, on the other hand, has good or bad knowledge, but not right or wrong knowledge. The aim of science is to pursue the definite and closest knowledge, while philosophy seeks the indefinite and ultimate knowledge.