模拟酸雨对植物形态学效应的影响

Effects of simulated acid rain on phytomorphology

以不同pH值的溶液模拟酸雨对6种南方城市常用的绿化植物进行处理,来研究酸雨对植物叶面积、单叶质量、根冠比等形态学效应的影响。结果表明,6个树种的3个形态学指标都受到一定的影响。①pH为5.0,4.0和3.0的模拟酸雨降低了广玉兰Magnoliagrandiflora,樟树Cinnamomum camphora,桂花Osmanthus fragrans的叶面积。②pH为5.0,4.0和3.0的模拟酸雨降低了广玉兰、樟树、桂花的单叶质量,使杜鹃Rhododendron simsii叶片的单叶质量增加。③模拟酸雨促进樟树、红花木Loropetatum chinensevar.rubrum地下部分的生长,使二者的根冠比增大;与此相反,皋月杜鹃Rhododendron indicum的根冠比在模拟酸雨的作用下减小。④从植物形态学角度上看,广玉兰和桂花2个树种不适于在自然降水pH≤4的环境中生存,皋月杜鹃不适于在自然降水pH≤3的区域生存。

The morphological effects of acid rain on the leaf area, the weight per leaf, and the root/crown of plants were studied by using different pH solutions to simulate acid rain and treating 6 species of common green plants in the southern cities. Results showed that all of the 3 morphological indexes of 6 species of trees had been affected to some extent. （1） The simulated acid rain of pH 5.0, 4.0 and 3.0 reduced the leaf area of Magnolia grandiflora, Cinnamomum camphora and Osmanthusfragrans; （2） The simulated acid rain of pH 5.0, 4.0 and 3.0 reduced the weight per leaf of Magnolia grandiflora, Cinnamomum camphora and Osmanthus fragrans, but increased the weight per leaf of Rhododendron simsii; （3） Simulated acid rain promoted the growth of the underground parts of Cinnamomum camphora and Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum, and increased their roots/crowns; the simulated acid rain reduced the roots/crowns of Rhododendron indicum; （4） Seen from the perspective of phytomorphology, Magnolia grandiflora and Osmanthus fragrans were not suitable for growing in an environment with natural rainfall pH ≤ 4, and Rhododendron indicum was not suitable for growing in an environment with natural rainfall pH ≤ 3.