高技术产业集聚水平测度方法及实证研究

The metrical method and empirical studies of high-tech industry agglomeration level

利用产业空间集聚β指数和行业集中度CRn指标对中国高技术产业1994-2003年的集聚水平进行测定。计算结果表明:在研究时限内除医药制造行业存在下降趋势以外,中国高技术产业的总体集聚程度正在不断提高,产业集聚和地方化呈现增长趋势。高技术产业集聚效应带来经济增长的同时,也加剧了区域发展的两极分化。产业集聚弹性能够反映出不同高技术产业集聚水平变化对工业经济增长产生的不同影响,为我们评价和发展高技术产业集群提供决策参考。

The agglomeration of high-tech industry is an inevitable outcome in the course of many countries＇ economic development as a kind of geography phenomenon in the industrial evolutionary process. It is very easy for high-tech industry to emergence the agglomeration of manufacture industry because of the relatively lower dependence for the natural resource. The agglomeration level of the Chinese high-tech industry was measured by the concentration index of industrial space and CRn index in 1994 - 2003. The conclusion indicates that the agglomeration level of the Chinese high-tech industry is raising continuously exclude medicine industry. According to the agglomeration region of high-tech industry, the eastern coastal city is the main agglomeration region, for example Jiangsu, Guangdong, Shanghai and Beijing etc; the center-west regions have relatively lower agglomeration level for high-tech industry. This contrast can explain the regional development gap seriously in a certain extent. When high-tech industry agglomeration effect brings the development of economy, the polarization of regional development is aggravating at the same time. The agglomeration level of electronic and equipment manufacturing industry is highest and is a typical representative of high-tech industry agglomeration. The positive correlation is presented between agglomeration level and economic increase of electronic industry. The agglomeration elasticity can reflect the different influence that the changing of different agglomeration level brings on the development of economy; all this can offer decision reference for appraising and developing the cluster of high-tech industry.