青藏铁路多年冻土区水害类型及防治措施

Water Disaster Type in Permafrost Area on Qinghai-Tibet Railway and Its Preventive Measure

研究目的:针对青藏铁路多年冻土区的主要水害类型,结合青藏铁路(二期)工程设计实例和施工现场情况,提出了病害处理原则和防治措施。研究方法:首先从理论上对冻土及多年冻土进行了阐述,然后联系青藏铁路(二期)工程,从路基工程、涵洞工程、桥梁工程3个方面出现的各种水害类型分析入手,得出结果。研究结果:路基工程、涵洞工程、桥梁工程3个方面出现的各种水害类型各有不同,但对青藏铁路今后的运营都将产生不同程度的影响,因此必须采取相应的防治措施。研究结论:多年冻土地区铁路工程设计施工的原则应针对多年冻土各种不同的地质特征,进行科学的分析,做出具体的处理措施,保证青藏铁路建设工程的经济合理性、安全性和可靠性。运营期对路基、涵洞、隧道和桥梁等铁路工程建筑物采取合理防护,从而确保青藏铁路建设工程的质量及正常运营,从根本上抑制变形、裂缝等水害的发生和发展。

Research purposes： The treament principle and preventive measures were put out for the major types of water disaster in permafrost area on Qinghai - Tibet Railway in combination with an example of engineering design and construction site situation of the second phase project of Qinghai - Tibet Railway. Research methods：First the description was given theoretically about frozen soil and permafrost, then the result was presented based on the analysis of various types of water disasters occurred in subgrade construction, culvert construction and bridge construction for the second phase project of Qinghai -Tibet Railway. Research results：Although various types of water disasters occurred in constructions of subgrade, culvert and bridge were different, but all of them would influence the service of Qinghai - Tibet Railway in future in different extents, so the relevant measures should be taken. Research conclusions： The principles of engineering design and construction of ralway in permafrost area should suitable for various geologic characteristics of permafrost. The scientific analysis should be made and cocrete treatment measures should be taken in order to guarantee economic rationality, safety and reliability of construction of Qinghai - Tibet Railway. Also the rational preventive measures should be taken for subgrade, culvert and bridge during the period of service in order to guarantee the quality and normal traffic of Qinghai - Tibet Railway, and fundamentally restrain the occurrence and development of water disasters, such as deformation and crack.