稻鸭共生对稻田水生生物群落的影响

Effects of Rice-Duck Farming on Aquatic Community in Rice Fields

【目的】分析稻鸭共生对稻田水体生态系统的影响,为规范稻鸭共生稻田水分管理、鸭放养数量的确定及鸭饲料管理提供理论指导,促进稻鸭共生技术的推广和应用。【方法】以两优培九和荆州麻鸭为材料,测定分析稻鸭共生对稻田水体水生生物的种类、数量、生物量及多样性的影响。【结果】稻田水体中藻类植物和水生动物种类数分别为39属、33属,对照区种类数要显著高于放鸭区及水源区。稻鸭共生减少了稻田水生生物的数量和生物量,对藻类群落数量的影响明显;该技术抑制了优势种群的增长,显著降低绿藻、硅藻、原生动物的优势度,而增加亚优势种的数量,裸藻、枝角类的优势度显著增加,稻田水体生物多样性指数得以提高,藻类植物多样性指数以水源区和放4只鸭为最高,香农多样性指数都为2.03,水生动物多样性指数以放6只鸭为最高,香农多样性指数为1.77。【结论】稻鸭共生稻田水体生物多样性增加,水体生态系统的自然属性得以提高,系统稳定性得到增强。

[Objective] Based on the study of the influence of rice-duck farming on the paddy ecosystem, the study was intended to normalize water management, the number of ducks cultivated, and feeding management of rice-duck farming system. [Method] With II YP9 cultivate rice and Jingzhou brown duck as base materials, the study looked at the influence of rice-duck farming on species, number, diversity and biomass of the aquatic community. [ Result] There were total 39 algal genera and 33 aquatic animals＇ genera in tested fields. Compared with the control treatment, the number and biomass of aquatic organisms were reduced in the rice-duck farming field, and the effect on the algae was evident. The technology of the rice-duck farming limited an increase of dominant species, such as Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta and Protozoa. It increased the number of the subdominant species, such as Euglenophyta and Cladocera. The biodiversity index was increased in the field with rice-duck farming. The highest biodiversity index of algae was in the waterhead and the D4 field （4-duck per 220 m^2） . The Shannon-Weiner index were both 2.03. The highest biodiversity index of aquatic animals was in the D6 field（6-duck per 220 m^2 ）, and the Shannon-Weiner index was 1.765. [ Conclusion] It was concluded that biodiversity increased with rice-duck farming, and and rice-duck farming increased the natural attributes and stability of paddy ecosystem.