超干处理与贮藏温度对一串红种子生活力与生理变化的影响

Effects of Ultradrying Treatment and Storage Temperature on Vigor and Physiological Changes of Salvia splendens Seeds

【目的】研究超干处理和贮藏温度对一串红种子生活力及生理变化的影响,为探寻一串红种子适宜的贮藏方法提供理论基础。【方法】采用硅胶干燥法超干处理一串红(Salvia splendens)种子,将种子含水量由8.9%分别降至4.5%、3.4%、3.0%、2.7%和2.2%,在室温及5℃条件下贮藏13个月后,测定不同含水量超干种子经复水处理后的生活力及生理指标变化。【结果】(1)超干处理后一串红种子在室温条件下经过13个月的贮藏后发芽率、发芽势及发芽指数明显高于未超干处理的对照种子,发芽高峰时间比未超干种子早1～2 d,种子萌发整齐度优于对照,不同含水量的超干种子电导率低于对照,脱氢酶活性高于对照;(2)在5℃条件下贮藏13个月的超干处理与室温条件下相同处理相比,发芽率、发芽势及发芽指数无明显差异;(3)在5℃条件下贮藏13个月后,与相同温度条件下未超干处理一串红种子相比,不同含水量的超干种子生活力与生理指标差异较大,在含水量为3.4%及4.5%时,发芽率、发芽势及发芽指数明显提高,电导率明显下降,脱氢酶活性明显提高,而在含水量为3.0%、2.7%和2.2%时,发芽率、发芽势及发芽指数下降,电导率提高,脱氢酶活性下降。【结论】适度含水量的超干处理可以使一串红种子保持较高的活力,是一种较为理想的种子贮藏方法。

[Objective] Effects of ultradrying treatment and storage temperature on vigor and physiological changes of Salvia splendens were studied to establish a suitable method for storaging the seeds. [Method] The seeds of Salvia splendens were ultra dried with silica gel to reduce the moisture content from 8.9% to 4.5%, 3.4%, 3.0%, 2.7% and 2.2% respectively. Apparent changes of several physiological parameters and seed vigor of Salvia splendens were detected when the seeds were re-moistened after being stored under room temperature and 5℃ for 13 months. [Result] Seed germination rate, germination potential and the germination index of Salvia splendens seeds after ultradrying were higher than that of the control. Compared to the control, the peak time of germination of ultraldried seeds was 1 - 2 days earlier, the germination potential was better, the electric conductivity was lower and dehydralase activity was higher. However, the germination rate, germination potential and germination index of ultra-dried were not significantly different when stored under 5℃ and room temperature for 13 months. When stored under 5℃ for 13 months, the parameters of ultra dried seeds were significantly different from the seeds without ultradrying treatment. For those seeds of 3.4% - 4.5% moisture content, the germination rate, germination potential and germination index were increased, and the electric conductivity was decreased. The dehydralase activity increased significantly, while for the seeds of 3.0%, 2.7% and 2.2% moisture content, the germination rate, germination potential and germination index declined, and the electric conductivity increased. The dehydralase activity declined significantly. [Conclusion] The results demonstrated that an appropriate ultradried Salvia splendens seeds could persist robust vitality and ultradrying treatment was an ideal method of seed storage.