初中生心理问题产生的主要原因及对策

Main causes and countermeasures of psychological problems of junior high school students

目的探究初中生心理问题产生的主要原因。方法使用一般资料调查表、症状自评量表(SCL-90)、家庭环境量表(FES),对潍坊市奎文区3所初中学生进行随机抽样,对1835名学生进行测试,通过SPSS 10.0统计软件进行分析处理。结果初中学生有心理问题的比率高达17.86%。SCL-90总分及各项因子分与FES的亲密度、情感表达、知识性、娱乐性、道德宗教观、组织性显著负相关,与FES的矛盾性呈显著正相关。结论家庭环境因素中,矛盾性、知识性、情感表达、娱乐性占据了影响初中生心理问题因素的前四位,成为导致初中生心理问题的主要因素,家长和卫生工作者应着眼于以上因素为学生创造良好的家庭环境,减少心理问题的发生。

Objective To explore the main causes and countermeasures of psychological problems of junior high school students. Methods Using the questionnaires of Self-rated Scale （SCL-90）, Family Environment Scale （FES）, and questionnaire for general materials to investigate the 1835 students coming from the 3 schools of Kuiwen District, Weifang City. Data were analyzed by SPSS 10.0. Results The rate of psychological problem of junior high school students is 17.86 %. The total score and the scores of every factors of SCL- 90 are significantly and negatively related to the score of intimacy, emotion expression, knowledge, amusement, moral-religion and organization of FES; and are significantly and positively related to the score of contradiction of FES. Conclusion In family environment, contradiction, knowledge, emotion expression, amusement are the four main causes that influence psychological problems of junior high school students. Parents and health care workers should pay more attention on the factors to create a favorable family environment, and to reduce the psychological problems of junior high school students.