流动人口地位获得的非制度途径——流动劳动力与非流动劳动力之比较

Non-institutional Paths of Migrants' Status Attainment:Migrant labors and non-migrant labors in comparison

本文通过比较流动劳动力与非流动劳动力的职业地位获得和经济地位获得的异同,试图考查户籍制度作为一个制度分割机制,如何对社会流动产生影响。通过对全国抽样调查数据的分析,本文最终获得的结论是,三重制度分割———二元社会结构、二元经济结构和二元劳动力市场结构———使流动人口劳动力被隔离在特定的社会和经济空间之内,而正式制度对这个空间领域的控制和影响较弱。这就导致了流动人口的极其特殊的社会经济分层形态和社会经济地位获得模式,它也迫使流动人口沿着特殊的流动路径并遵循着非正式的规则来现实上升社会流动,这些特殊的路径和非正式规则构成了一种社会经济地位获得的非制度模式。

This paper tries to examine the effect of institutional segmentation (Household Registry System) on social mobility by comparing the different paths of occupational and economic status attainments of migrants and non-migrants. Based on the analysis of a national survey data, the paper concludes that Household Registry System has segregated migrants inside certain social and economic spaces that are out of control and influence of normal institutions. That results the special shape of socio-economic stratification of migrants. Migrants have been tracking special paths and following informal rules to make upward mobility. These paths and rules have molded non-institutional pattern of socioeconomic status attainment.