聋教育方法演变与米兰会议

Evolution of Teaching Methods in Deaf Education——Milan Congress

聋教育史实质上是聋校教学语言的发展史。聋教育创始之时至今已经历了几次语言方法的演变,从最初的手语、口语到综合交际法,以及双语双文化法,贯穿始终的还是手语和口语之间的争辩。在这个争辩的历史进程中,米兰会议起到了举足轻重的作用,它所提出的纯口语法的决议一度影响了聋教育的发展方向,影响了人们对聋教育方法的选择。然而国内至今没有米兰会议较为全面、客观的阐述,本文从会议缘起、决议、影响等方面回顾这一历史事实,使读者更好地了解聋教育史上这一重要的历史事件,为现行聋教育方法的选择提供历史的视角。

The history of the deaf education is actually the development history of teaching methods in deaf schools. Since the foundation of deaf education, it has experienced changes of several teaching methods from initial sign language, oral language, to comprehensive communicative method, and bilingual - bicuhural approach. However, the real debate of the methods is between sign language and oral language all along. In the deaf history, Milan congress plays an important role whose resolution of pure oral method influenced development direction of deaf education and people＇s choice of deaf education methods for a time. Nevertheless, there＇s no comprehensive and objective elaboration of Milan congress in our country till now. This article reviews this congress from the perspectives of causes, resolutions and influences so that readers can have a better understanding of this important event in deaf education history and historical perspective can be provided for current choice of teaching methods in deaf education at the same time.