浙江典型铅锌矿废弃地优势植物调查及其重金属含量研究

Dominant Plants and Their Heavy Metal Contents in Six Abandoned Lead-Zinc Mine Areas in Zhejiang Province

对浙江境内6个典型的铅锌矿废弃地进行了优势植物调查和植物体重金属含量的定量分析。本次调查共记录到高等植物36种,隶属26属22科,共42个样品。植物中重金属含量高低顺序为Cu<Cd<Pb<Zn,其中Cu、Zn及Cd之间存在显著性差异(p<0.05);土壤中重金属含量高低顺序为Cd<Cu<Pb<Zn。其中只有Pb和Cu之间存在显著性差异(p<0.05);Pb和Cu平均富集系数之间存在显著性差异(p<0.05),Pb和Zn平均富集系数之间存在极显著性差异(p<0.01)。Cu、Zn和Pb在灌木植物中的富集系数<草本植物中的富集系数;Cd在草本植物中的富集系数<灌木植物中富集系数。珠芽景天(Sedumbulbiferum)、四芒景天(Sedumtetractinum)和东南景天(Sedumalfredii)对Zn、Cd有高富集能力,其中珠芽景天对Cd的吸收达到超富集的水平,四芒景天对Zn、Cd的吸收达到超富集的水平;堇菜(Violaverecunda)、苦荬菜(Ixerispolycephala)和葛藤(Puerarialobata)对Cd有较高的富集能力;鸭跖草(Commelinacommunis)、白背叶野桐(Mallotusapeltus)、一年蓬(Erigeronannuus)、小根蒜(Alliummacrostemon)和芒萁(Dicranopterisdichotoma)对Pb有较高的富集能力。

The dominant plants in six abandoned lead-zinc mine areas in Zhejiang Province were investigated and their heavy metal levels were analyzed. Based on this investigation, 36 species belonging to 26 genera and 22 families, in total 42 samples of higher plants were found growing on the abandoned lead-zinc mine areas. Bioconcentration factors of Cu, Zn and Pb were bush〉herbaceous, and that of Cd was herbaceous〉bush. It was found that the plants had different abilities of uptake and accumulation of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd. Sedum bulbiferum, Sedum tetractinum and Sedum alfredii had high accumulation to Zn and Cd. And the Sedum bulbiferum had a hyper-accumulation level for Cd, Sedum tetractinum for Zn and Cd. In addition, Viola verecunda, Ixeris polycephala, Pueraria lobata had high accumulation abilities to Cd. Commelina communis, Mallotus apeltus, Erigeron annuus, Allium macrostemon and Dicranopteris dichotoma to Pb.