脐血干细胞移植的研究及临床应用

The Study and Clinical Application of Umbilical Cord Blood Transplant

脐血作为干细胞的主要来源,近年来国内外对其进行了大量的基础性研究和临床探索。已经证实脐血中含有大量造血干细胞、丰富的间充质干细胞。临床干细胞移植治疗采用脐血具有诸多优势,如来源丰富,组织配型时间短,抗原表达弱,加之间充质干细胞的免疫调节及加速造血恢复等影响,脐血的移植成功率高,移植反应弱、移植物抗宿主病少见。目前脐血移植治疗的疾病已经达到80余种,治疗的患者全世界已经超过了6000例。脐血移植已经在恶性肿瘤、免疫缺陷、心脏病、神经系统损伤、组织器官修复、糖尿病、血管疾病等的治疗上显示巨大的潜力。

Umbilical cord blood（UCB） is a main source of hematopoietic stem cells （HSCs）, about which many preclinical and clinical studys have been carried out in recent years. It has been confirmed that umbilical cord blood have a plenty of haemopoietic stem cell and mesenchymal stem cells. There are many advantages to apply UCB for the treatment of clinical stem celll transplantation, including its abeundant resources, short time in tissue matching, poor antigen presentation, as well as the influence from MSCs in immune regulation and speeding hematopoietic recovery, which will bring in high achievement ratio of transplantation, weak transplantation reaction and few graft versus host disease. More than 80 kinds of diseases can be treated with UCB transplantation, in which the patients receiving this treatment have exceeded 6000 cases all over the world. UCB transplantation has displayed its great potentiality in the treatment of many diseases including tumour, malignant tumour, immune deficiency, heart disease, injury of nervous system, recovery of tissue and organ, diabetes mellitus and vascular diseases.