20世纪50年代以来英国地理学发展及地理学思想评述

The Development of and Comments on British Geographic Thoughts Since 1950s

参考R.J.约翰斯顿《地理学与地理学家》及其姐妹篇《哲学与人文地理学》,对20世纪50年代以来的英国地理学思想及其实践进行疏理,得出英国地理学发展与美国地理学发展趁势基本是一致的,但几乎所有地理学新思想或流派都在美国先诞生,英国随着美国地理学的传播而结合本国实际开展各项研究工作。因而,部分地理学思想在英国并未得到蓬勃发展。但总的来说,从20世纪50年代以来,英国地理学思想的发展脉络大致为区域地理学——数量地理、实证主义地理——人本主义地理、激进派——应用地理学,结构主义地理——新区域地理学、后现代主义地理学、男女平等主义地理学。

Referring to R. J. Johnston and his main works, we tried to sort Out the development process of the thoughts of British Geography and it practical efforts since 1950s. Conclusions are that, the development trend in British Geography coincides with that in American Geography. In general, they followed nearly the same track of development. This is because most fresh theoretic thoughts or parties were first born in America and later spread into Britain. Consequently, some Geographic thoughts were not well developed in Britain. In general, the skeleton of the development of British geography can be summarized as follows： Regional Geography——Quantitative Geography, Positivism Geography——Humanism geography, the Radical——Application Geography, Structuralism Geography——New Regional Geography, Postmodernism Geography, Feminism Geography