城乡二元结构与两类人生存现状之思考

Pondering over dual structure between cities and rural areas and present living situation of two groups of people

以两类人为研究对象,一类是城市里的农村人(以农民工为例);另一类是农村里的城市人(以乡村教师为例),将这两类人放在城乡二元结构的大背景下研究其生存现状。通过分析发现这两类人的生存现状有相似之处,如他们都是弱势群体或处于弱势地位,他们都遭遇着不公正的社会待遇等。造成其生存困境的体制原因是城乡二元结构的存在。软化和消解城乡二元结构的对策是:统筹城乡发展;加快推进城市化进程;进一步完善市场经济体制;构建社会主义和谐社会。

This article studies two groups of people：one is farmers in cities（ take peasant workers for example）, the other is townspeople in rural areas（ take rural teachers for example） ,and put them on the background of dual economic and social structure to research their current living situation. After analysis, the authors find out the similarity between the two groups of people on current living situation, for instance, they both have a poor social and economic position; they both suffer injustice and so on. The reason for their living dilemma is dual structure between cities and countryside. The last part of this paper gives four pieces of countermeasures to softening or clearing dual structure, the countermeasures are as follows：taking the development between cities and rural areas into account and plan accordingly;accelerating the process of urbanization; improving system of market economy; building harmonious society of socialism.