中西传统哲学的不同超越与哲学观念的更新

On Transcendence and Renewing of the Notion of Philosophy

西方传统哲学的形而上学具有超越的性质,表现为这种理论所具有的普遍性,乃是对一切特殊性的超越;其所表达的对象即本质世界,则是对现象世界的超越。西方传统哲学就是以这种超越为标志的哲学。中国传统哲学没有西方传统哲学所具有的这种超越性质。中国哲学追求的最高目标——道,并非是单纯认识的对象,而是人以自身的活动通达于世的状态;而那种适时通变以臻于道的境界,则是人自身超越的过程。中国哲学的文本,正是中国先哲从事这一哲学活动并对这一哲学活动方式加以体悟与反思的结果。这种反思启发我们:必须关注与西方传统哲学相对应的人的活动方式,从而使中西哲学的比较,进一步从文本的比较深入到从事哲学活动的方式的比较。这种视角的转换,不仅能为中西传统哲学之所以成为两种不同形态的哲学提供某种说明,还将进一步引向关于传统哲学的观念的变革。

Metaphysics in Western philosophy has been characterized as something transcendent, that is to say, the universality of the theory as philosophy is transcendent from all particularities, the world of essence displayed in the theory is transcendent from the phenomenal world. Transcendence has been the token of the traditional Western philosophy. However the traditional Chinese philosophy does not bear the same token and even not know the term before we encountered the Western philosophy. Dao which is the highest aim of Chinese philosophy is not just an object of knowing, but gains in the situation in which one fits himself with the environment and develops together with the nature goes. Here we see transcending as the way doing philosophy. The text of the Chinese philosophy is a result of the way doing philosophy. In the same way, we can find that the text of the western philosophy is also related to a certain way of doing philosophy, though different from that of Chinese philosophy. To do comparison in this way, not only we may reach a unique explanation for two philosophies as philosophy, but also hope to see a new notion of philosophy itself.