2Yu CW, Wu CC, Chen WJ. Aseptic nonunion of a femoral shaft treated using exchange nailing. Chang Gung Med J, 2002, 25: 591- 598.
3Yokoyama K, Itoman M, Shindo M, et al. Deep infection and fracture healing in immediate and delayed locked intramedullary nailing for open femoral fractures. Orthopedics. 1999. 22: 485-490.
4Menon DK, Dougall TW, Pool RD, et al. Augmentative Ilizarov external fixation after failure of diaphyseal union with intramedullary nailing. J Orthop Trauma, 2002, 16: 491-497.
5Bhandari M, Guyatt GH, Tong D, et al. Reamed versus nonreamed intramedullary nailing of lower extremity long bone fractures: a systematic overview and meta-analysis. J Orthop Trauma, 2000, 14: 2-9.
6Bucholz RW, Jones A. Fractures of the shaft of the femur. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 1991, 73: 1561-1566.
7Webb LX. Bone defect nonunion of the lower extremity. Orthopaed,2001, 16: 387-397.
8Pihlajamaki HK, Salminen ST, Bostman OM. The treatment of nonunions following intramedullmy nailing of femoral shaft fractures.J Orthop Trauma, 2002, 16: 392-402.
9Canadian Orthopaedic Trauma Society. Nonunion following intramedullary nailing of the femur with and without reaming: results of a muhicenter randomized clinical trial. J Bone Joint Surg (Am),2003, 85: 2093-2096.
10Weresh MJ, Hakanson R, Stover MD, et al. Failure of exchange reamed intramedullary nails for ununited femoral shaft fractures. J Orthop Trauma, 2000, 14: 335-338.
