大鼠吸入甲醛的亚慢性毒性实验

The Subchronic Toxicity of Formaldehyde by Inhalation in Rats

[目的]研究甲醛经呼吸道染毒的亚慢性毒性作用。[方法]采用0.523、0.261、0.131g/m3浓度的甲醛经呼吸道染毒SD大鼠,分3个染毒组和一个对照组,每天染毒2h,持续30d。观察大鼠的一般情况、体重生长情况、血常规和血液生化检查及组织病理学检查。[结果]吸入0.523g/m3浓度的甲醛抑制SD大鼠体重的增长,并对其心脏、肝脏和肺脏等脏器系数产生影响。血常规结果表明吸入高浓度的甲醛会引起雌性大鼠的血红蛋白、血小板以及雄性大鼠的红细胞总数和血小板显著增多,血液生化检查的结果显示吸入甲醛到一定累积浓度会导致雌性大鼠的白蛋白(ALB)、尿素氮(BUN)、葡萄糖(GLU)显著下降,谷草转氨酶(AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)显著升高;雄性大鼠AST显著升高,GLU、TG显著下降。病理组织学检查结果提示中、高浓度甲醛可引起实验鼠肺和气管的病理性损伤,对其他脏器的病理性改变不明显。[结论]吸入一定浓度的甲醛对SD大鼠毒作用明显,其中气管、肺脏可能是其毒作用靶器官,AST和体重下降可能是吸入甲醛的敏感监测指标。

[ Objective ] To study the subchronic toxicity of formaldehyde by inhalation in rats. [ Methods ] SD rats were exposed to 0.523g/m^3, 0.261 g/m^3 or 0. 131 g/m^3 concentration by inhalation for 2h per day and continuously for 30 days, each group had 10 male and 10 female rats. The rats were weighed every 7 clays and their behavior function was observed. 30 days after, the rats were killed and the organ weight coefficients were calculated and blood system, pathological changes were examined. [ Results ] The experimental rats showed lower body weight gain. Toxic effects were found, the liver, kidney, lung, spleen, thymus and heart weight coefficient changed. Formaldehyde could affect liver and kidney functions to a certain extent, and lead to histopathological effects on trachea and lung at middle and high concentration groups. [ Conclusion ] Formaldehyde has obvious toxic effect on rats by inhalation. The lung is the target organ. At the same time, the decrease of weight gain and AST are the sensitive indexes of the toxic effect.