中国机场体系的空间格局及其服务水平

Research on Spatial Distribution and Service Level of Chinese Airport System

利用定量模型和GIS方法,从空间布局、服务范围以及航空客流分布等方面来研究中国的机场体系及其服务水平。中国机场存在空间布局不均衡和等级结构不合理等问题,各机场的服务水平空间表现不一致,整体服务格局与全国社会经济发展的格局基本协调。航空客流趋向东部沿海地区集聚,空间联系和拓展具有明显的层级性,具有一定的轴—辐式网络特征。整个机场体系表现为以“京沪穗”为核心的“鼎形”空间系统,并将在未来一段时间内得以维持。研究表明,中国机场体系的结构与全国或区域城市体系结构有一定的相互联系,随着航空运输需求的快速发展,未来机场体系的建设既要注意平衡机场区域布局,又需重视优化网络与等级体系,从而合理引导航空网络结构的演变。

Based on the quantitative model and GIS method, this paper analyses the airports＇ spatial distribution, service coverage and air passengers flow in China. The result shows that Chinese airport system is imbalance in space and its structure is also unreasonable, which resulted in different spatial service levels, basically in accordance with Chinese economic pattern. Meanwhile, the air passengers flow is obviously agglomerated to the eastern coastal region, and its spatial connection and extension has the characteristics of hierarchy, which also shows some hub-and-spoke characteristics. The authors also find that Chinese airport system presents a ＂triangular balance pattern＂ spatial system with ＂Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou＂ as its centers, which will keep for a long time. Finally, the research shows that distribution of airport system is related to national or regional urban system. Therefore, with the rapid development of air travel, the regional distribution of new airports should be balanced and airport network and hierarchy system be optimized in future in China so as to induce a sound evolvement of the whole aviation network.