青海蔷薇科野生果树种质资源的研究

Research on Wild Fruit Trees Germplasm Resource of Rosaceae in Qinghai Province

通过调查并结合有关文献和植物标本研究表明,青海省蔷薇科野生果树有60种(含2个变种、1个变型),隶属于10属,占全省野生果树总数的53.6%。其中以蔷薇属(Rosa)和栒子属(Cotoneaster)最为丰富,分别有13种、12种,其次悬钩子属(Rubus)和李属(Prunus)分别有9种、8种,这4个属的种类占青海蔷薇科野生果树的70%;果实类型有梨果、聚合果、核果3种类型,其中梨果类、聚合果类占有较大比例,分别占总种数的45%和40%。青海省蔷薇科野生果树不少种类具有抗寒耐旱等特性,可作为砧木或抗性育种材料,一些种类果实营养较为丰富。青海蔷薇科野生果树主要分布于东部的黄河、湟水河及大通河流域,并划分为西倾山区、祁连山区和青南高原区3个分布区域,分析了各区的种类和分布情况;垂直分布在海拔1800～4000m之间。另外,对几种重要野生果树资源进行了评价,并提出了开发利用的建议。

According to the investigation and research on plant specimen and collected reterences, the conclusions are obtained. 60 species （including 2 varieties and 1 form）of Rosaceae wild fruit trees are found in Qinghai province, which belong to 10 genera, amount for 53.6% of the wild fruit trees of the whole province. Among them, Rosa and Cotoneaster are most abundant, and have respectively 13 species and 12 species; Secondly, Rubus and Prunus have respectively 9 species and 8 species, these 4 genera account for 70% of Rosaceae wild fruit trees of Qinghai province. There are 3 fruit types that are pome, aggregate and drupe. Among them, the pome and aggregate have a greater proportion, respectively share 45% and 40% of the whole species numbers. Not a few categories of Rosaceae wild fruit trees of Qinghai province have the characteristics as anti-cold and anti-drought, etc, and can be used as stock or materials of breeding, some fruits species are nutritious. They mainly distribute on Yellow River, Huangshui River basin and Datong River drainage basin in the eastern of Qinghai province, are divided into Xiqing Mountain area, Qiliansan Mountain area, and the altiplano of southern Qinghai province area, the species and distribution of each area were analyzed. The vertical distribution is on the altitudel800-4000m. Otherwise appraise some important of wild fruit trees resources, and put forward some suggestions about their exploitation and utilization.