城市景观格局的大气环境效应研究进展

Advances in the Impacts of Urban Landscape Pattern on Urban Air Environment

城市规划不仅需要适应区域气候,更需要通过城市自身的合理空间配置来缓解因城市化引起的城市大气环境问题,因此,加强城市景观格局大气环境效应的研究对于提高城市规划的水平具有重要的意义。从城市下垫面的大气环境效应、大气数值模式、遥感应用技术以及城市规划的气候适应性等方面综述了城市景观格局的大气环境效应的研究进展,并分析了城市景观格局的大气环境效应应用于城市规划面临的主要问题。尽管城市景观组分的大气环境效应已经得到充分认识和应用,但是景观组分的空间组合,即城市景观格局对城市大气环境的影响及其应用研究仅仅处于起步的阶段。为了推动城市景观格局的大气环境效应研究并应用于城市规划之中,除了需要深入研究“格局影响过程”的机制外,还需要重点解决2个问题:一是寻找能够用来研究城市景观格局与大气环境相互作用的格局参数;二是确认具有一般意义的理想城市景观格局模式。

In this paper, the studies of impacts of urban landscape patterns and their dynamics on urban air environment are reviewed by the following four facets： the effects of urban surface, the numeric simulation model,the remote sensing techniques and the applications in urban planning. The numeric model can simulate the strutture and dynamic of atmosphere layers, which is the key means to study the impacts of urban landscape patterns. Remote sensing can play an important role in the studies, which can provide detailed information about urban land surface and important parameters needed in the air simulation models. However, to improve the application of the atmosphere simulation models and remote sensing techniques, it is necessary to make progress in many fields. The advance of the relevant studies showed that the effects and applications of the landscape elements on urban air environments were identified. However, those of total urban landscape patters were not completely apparent, and are still at the preliminary stage. For advancing the applications of knowledge about the impacts of landscape patterns in urban planning, studies should be carried out in combination of multidiscipline at different scale to emphasize the following two questions： Is there any index of landscape patterns highly correlative with urban air environment？ Is there optimal landscape pattern for urban air environment？