缘管浒苔的单性生殖

Apomixis in Enteromorpha linza

发现缘管浒苔生活史中,配子体进行单性生殖有两种方式:一种是配子体放散的配子不经结合,固着后直接发育成新个体,完成单性生殖;另一种是配子体配子囊中最后一个或几个配子不放散直接在原藻体上发育成新个体。放散出去的配子进行单性生殖时,第一次分裂分别产生顶端细胞和基部细胞,其发育呈顶基极性。两个细胞分别成为叶片和假根的祖细胞。未放散的配子在原藻体上进行单性生殖发育成叶状体,形成的新个体可聚生成簇。后一种单性生殖发育方式为首次报道。

This paper presents the results of apomixis research in Enteromorpha linza. During the life history of Enteromorpha linza, gametophytes can give birth to next generation by apomixis. The apomixes of Enteromorpha linza have two approaches. One is the gamete diffused from gametangia of gametophytes that succeeds in developing into new thallus, the other is the undiffused gamete that develops into new thallus directly. After the diffused gamete settled, it begins the first division and divides into two cells, one is apical cell and the other is basal cell. With the development of germling, it appears apical-basal polarity. The apical cell and basal cell act as the ancestor cells of frond and rhizoid. In another approach, the undiffused gamete can directly develop into germling. Many germlings can get together and settle in the former frond which has died. The apomixes approach of undiffused gamete is the first report.