最终接近段交会对接控制人机结合特性的仿真研究

Simulation Study on Performance of Control by Man and Machine in the Stage of Final Approaching for Rendezvous and Docking

目的 探讨在最终接近段交会对接控制中人、机联合控制规律，为确定其人、机功能分配提供参考。方法 建立交会对接最终接近段人、机联合控制实验系统，设定对接控制的精度要求，选用30名年龄在20—40岁的男性青年志愿者进行了最终接近段交会对接人机结合的控制实验。以姿控与推进发动机点火的累计时间和对接控制的成功率做为实验的评价指标。结果 在被试者经过一定时间的训练后，让其完成3个参数的控制任务，而其余参数由自动控制来完成时所形成的人、机结合控制时对接成功大于80．47％。此外，经过充分训练后，也有10名被试者完成了全部的位置和姿态参数控制。结论 在设计交会对接任务时，若要考虑航天员的参与作用，让其完成控制两航天器间的俯仰、偏航和滚转参数较为合适，并且可以节省燃料。如果让航天员承担全部的参数控制任务，这就要考虑两方面的条件，一是燃料有保证，二是控制的时间没有限制。

Objective To study the performance evaluation of integration rendezvous and docking （RVD） control by man and machine in order to provide reference for function allocation between man and machine, Method By a rendezvous and docking experimental system, 30 male volunteers aged 20-40 took part in the performance evaluation experiments. The RVD integration control success rates and total thruster ignition time were chosen as evaluation indices. Result The experiment showed that if less than three RVD parameters control tasks were completed by the subjects and the rest of parameters control task completed by automation, the RVD success rate would be larger than 80.47% and the fuel consumption would be optimized. In addition, there were ten subjects who finished the whole 6 RVD parameters control tasks by enough train. Conclusion If the astronauts role should be integrated into the RVD control, it is suitable for them to finish the heading, pitch and roll control in order to assure the man-machine system high performance. When astronauts were needed to finish all parameters control, two points should be taken into consideration, enough fuel and unconstraint operation time.