陕西省16万人群癫痫的流行病学调查

Epidemiological Survey of Epilepsy Among 160000 People in Shaanxi, China

作者对1987年在陕西省西安市、宝鸡县、城固县和西乡县进行了癫痫的神经系统流行病学调查。样本人群160263人,调查结果表明患病粗率、国内调整率(按1982年我国标准化人口构成比)、国际调整率(按1970年美国世界标准化人口构成比)分别为89.85,91.08和86.06/10万,与有关报道比较属中等偏低。患病率农村高于城市,男高于女,城市男,女间无明显差异。年龄组患病率,专率随年龄增长而增高,中年组最高,50岁以后下降。6.94％患者有阳性家族史,4.86％患者父母系近亲婚配。分娩时损伤、头部外伤和颅内感染为继发性癫痫最常见的可能病因。诱发因素以激动居首,发作先兆以头痛为冠,但有11.11％无诱因和37.50％无先兆。81.94％为大发作。一般神经系统检查属正常者占86.80％,脑电图异常者占73.91％,个别患者CT检查无异常发现。本病服药控制有效,但39.53％有自发缓解趋势。本病对身心健康有较大影响,43.75％患者智能减退,11.11％患者痴呆,故防治本病是一项迫切任务。

We report the rcsults of an epidemiological investigation of epilepsy in Shaanxi Province. A total population of 160253 people was investigated. The areas surveyed were Xi'an city,Baoji ,county, Chenggu county, and Xixiang county. The results show an incidence, domestic modified incidcnce (according to the Standard Population Makeup, P. R. China, 1982) and intemational modified incidence (according to Standard World Population Makeup, USA, 1970) of 89.85/10~5, 91.08/10~5, and 86.06/10~5 respectively. Thcse figures are lower than thosc in other published articles. The findings show a bigher incidence in rural areas than in urban areas. Women have a higher morbidity rate than men in rural areas,but there is no significant disparity between morbidity rates in men and women. The incidence of epilepsy varies among different age groups: it incrcascs with age and the highest incidence is in the middle-age group,decreasing thereafter. 6.94% of epileptics have a family history of the disease and 4.86% are offspring of consanguineous marriages. The most common causes of secondary epilepsy include injuries during parturition, wounds in the head and intracranial infections. Excitement is the ilesding inducing factor of epilepsy and its most common premonitory sign is headache, but there are no inducing .factors in 11.11% of epileptics and no premonitory signs 37.50%, and 61.94% of the epileptics have severe paroxysms.86.80% of the patients have a normal nervous system, 73.91% show an abnormal EEG, and few have normal CT findings. The disease can be effectively managed by drugs, and 39.53% of the patients show spontaneous remission. The disease has a greater effect on psychosomatic health: 43.75% of patients show decreased intelligence and 11.11% ,develop dementia. Thus,prevention and treatment of the disease is an urgent task.